Steroidi i poliketidi iz kore biljke Uvaria hamiltonii

Two known steroids, stigmasterol and 6beta-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (1) and two unusual polyketides, cis-4-hydroxymellein (2) and trans-4-hydroxymellein (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Uvaria hamiltonii. The structures of the compounds were elucidated independently by high-resolution 2D-NMR techniques and confirmed by comparison with previously reported values.Dva poznata steroida, stigmasterol i 6-hidroksistigmasta-4,22-dien-3-on (1) i dva neuobičajena poliketida, cis-4-hidroksimelein (2) i trans-4-hidroksimelein (3) izolirana su iz kore biljke Uvaria hamiltonii. Strukture spojeva određene su neovisno 2D-NMR spektroskopijom visoke rezolucije i usporedbom s literaturnim podacima

Utjecaj statina na ponašanje pilića u farmakološkom testu sa ksilazin-ketaminom i karbarilom

Statins are known to affect brain function in a manner not related to their dyslipidemic effects. The purpose of the present study was to assess the behavioral response of a chick model (7-14 days old) after single treatments with the statins atorvastatin, fluvastatin or simvastatin at 100 mg/kg, orally, to a pharmacological challenge with an anesthetic regimen of xylazine (5 mg/kg)-ketamine (20 mg/kg), intramuscularly, and a toxicological challenge with the reversible cholinesterase inhibiting insecticide carbaryl (250 mg/kg, orally). Only simvastatin significantly reduced the duration of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia by 47%. Carbaryl at 250 mg/kg, orally induced signs of cholinergic poisoning (57.1 - 100%) in chicks within 3.14 min, and 57.1% death occurred within 85 min. Toxicological challenge of statin-treated chicks with carbaryl also induced signs of cholinergic poisoning, but with varying percentages of reductions compared to the control (carbaryl) group. The reductions in 4 h carbaryl-induced lethality in chicks pre-treated with atorvastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin were 43, 57 and 29%, respectively, below that of the control value. Correspondingly, their toxicity scores decreased by 18, 18 and 11%, respectively. These data suggest that statins might modulate the functional status of the brain in a manner that affects the impact of centrally acting drugs or toxicants, and hence the behavioral outcomes in chicks. Further studies are warranted on the behavioral effects of statins after prolonged therapy.Poznato je da statini utječu na moždanu funkciju na način koji nije povezan s dislipidemijskim učincima. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti bihevioralni odgovor pilića (starih 7 - 14 dana) nakon liječenja statinima atorvastatinom, fluvastatinom i simvastatinom u dozi od 100 mg/kg, peroralno. Za procjenu su korištena 2 testa: farmakološki test primijenjen s kombinacijom anestetika ksilazina (5 mg/kg) i ketamina (20 mg/kg), apliciranih intramuskularno, i toksikološki test s reverzibilnim inhibitorom kolinesteraze, insekticidom karbarilom (250 mg/kg, peroralno). Samo je simvastatin znakovito skratio trajanje anestezije inducirane ksilazin-ketaminom za 47 %. Karbaril u dozi od 250 mg/kg, primijenjen peroralno, izazvao je znakove kolinergičkog otrovanja (57,1 – 100%) u pilića unutar 3,14 minuta i smrt u 57,1% pilića unutar 85 minuta. Toksikološki test s karbarilom u pilića liječenih statinima također je izazvao znakove kolinergičkog otrovanja, ali s različitim postocima smanjenja u usporedbi s kontrolnom (karbaril) skupinom. Smanjenje smrtnosti uzrokovane karbarilom unutar četiri sata u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu iznosilo je 43% u pilića liječenih atorvastatinom, 57% u pilića liječenih fluvastatinom i 29% u pilića liječenih simvastatinom. Sukladno tome, toksičnost je smanjena za 18%, 18% i 11%. Ovi podaci upućuju na to da statini mogu modulirati funkcionalno stanje mozga utječući na učinak lijekova koji djeluju centralno ili toksikanata, te time i na ponašanje pilića. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja učinaka statina na bihevioralni odgovor pilića nakon produljene terapije

Control Aware Radio Resource Allocation in Low Latency Wireless Control Systems

We consider the problem of allocating radio resources over wireless communication links to control a series of independent wireless control systems. Low-latency transmissions are necessary in enabling time-sensitive control systems to operate over wireless links with high reliability. Achieving fast data rates over wireless links thus comes at the cost of reliability in the form of high packet error rates compared to wired links due to channel noise and interference. However, the effect of the communication link errors on the control system performance depends dynamically on the control system state. We propose a novel control-communication co-design approach to the low-latency resource allocation problem. We incorporate control and channel state information to make scheduling decisions over time on frequency, bandwidth and data rates across the next-generation Wi-Fi based wireless communication links that close the control loops. Control systems that are closer to instability or further from a desired range in a given control cycle are given higher packet delivery rate targets to meet. Rather than a simple priority ranking, we derive precise packet error rate targets for each system needed to satisfy stability targets and make scheduling decisions to meet such targets while reducing total transmission time. The resulting Control-Aware Low Latency Scheduling (CALLS) method is tested in numerous simulation experiments that demonstrate its effectiveness in meeting control-based goals under tight latency constraints relative to control-agnostic scheduling

Chemical and biological investigations of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

U radu je opisana izolacija pet sastojaka petroleterske i diklormetanske frakcije metanolnog ekstrakta kore biljke Delonix regia: lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) i p-metoksibenzaldehid (5). Nadalje, testirano je antimikrobno djelovanje različitih ekstrakata difuzijskom metodom na disku (15 μg mm2). Zone inhibicije za sastojke topljive u petroleteru, tetraklormetanu i diklormetanu bile su 914 mm, 1113 mm, odnosno 920 mm, dok je zona inhibicije standarda kanamicina bila 2025 mm. U biološkom pokusu smrtnosti morskih kozica najveću toksičnost pokazali su spojevi topljivi u tetraklormetanu (LC50 = 0,83 μg mL1), dok je topljivost sastojaka topljivih u petroleteru i diklormetanu bila LC50 14,94, odnosno 3,29 μg mL1, a standarda vinkristin sulfata 0,812 μg mL1. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izolaciji sastojaka, antimikrobnom djelovanju i citotoksičnosti biljke D. regia.In this study five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm2) was conducted by disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 914 mm, 1113 mm and 920 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 2025 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity

Mini craniotomy for chronic subdural haematoma: surgical outcome from a single institution experience and predictors of success

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an increasingly common neurological disease in daily neurosurgical practice. Despite the wide prevalence of CSDH, there remains a lack of consensus regarding numerous aspects of its surgical management. The diagnosis and treatment are well established but there are different surgical procedures and outcome related to these procedures are not completely understood.Methods: The study conducted was conducted in department of neurosurgery at Ibrahim cardiac hospital and research institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2019 to July 2020, 105 patients were treated for chronic subdural haematoma This study evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings and surgical outcome by mini craniotomy assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score in a large series of patients treated at single institution.Results: At 6 months follow up, only one patient died (0.95%) because of co-morbidities and not directly related to the chronic subdural haematoma, 15 patients (14.3%) improved to mRS 0, 33.33% showed only mild symptoms without any significant disability-mRS 1, slight disability was observed in 28.5% patients, moderate disability was observed in 17.14% patients-mRS 3, moderately severe disability was observed in 5.7%-mRS 4.Conclusions: GOS score at 6 months follow up which shows majority of the patient improved to GOS score 4 (45.71%) and 5 (38.09%). Based on these results, among various method of surgical management, mini craniotomy provides better outcome

Identifying Factors Playing Important Role in the Increasing Employees’ Turnover Rate: A Case of Telecom Industry in Pakistan

The objective of this study is to know about the practices of Telecom industry, regarding their employees and to know how they keep up with the intense competition in the industry. The study focuses on factors effecting employees’ turnover and those that factors play an important role in retaining the employees of Telecom industry. The universe of this study was all the employees of Telecom industry in Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore. For this purpose survey method was used by using questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The results have shown that Salary, Working environment and Benefits are three significant factors effecting employees’ turnover and correlated with each other. The study was faced by certain limitations, which include time constraints and resources constraints, which limit this research to only Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore offices of the organizations in telecom industry of Pakistan. The present study found support for an independent variable with Employees turnover. Significant negative correlations have been found for the Salary, Work environment and Benefits. Therefore, organizations need to focus on how to develop better Salary plan and reduce strain in the workplace. If staff voluntarily leaves, it is a great loss to the telecom industry. It is expensive to hire, train, and “bring up to speed” new replacements. It is, therefore, important to understand the antecedents of turnover intent of employees before they decide to quit.Employee’s Turnover, Telecom Industry; Pakistan; Factors.